Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
| Lazare Carnot | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| President of the National Convention | |
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In office 20 May 1794 – 4 June 1794 |
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| Preceded by | Robert Lindet |
| Succeeded by | Claude-Antoine Prieur-Duvernois |
| Member of the Committee of Public Safety | |
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In office 14 August 1793 – 6 October 1794 |
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| Member of the Directory | |
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In office 4 November 1795 – 5 September 1797 |
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| Preceded by | None |
| Succeeded by | Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai |
| Minister of War | |
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In office 2 April 1800 – 8 October 1800 |
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| Preceded by | Louis-Alexandre Berthier |
| Succeeded by | Louis-Alexandre Berthier |
| Minister of the Interior | |
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In office 20 March 1815 – 22 June 1815 |
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| Monarch | Napoleon I |
| Preceded by | François-Xavier-Marc-Antoine de Montesquiou-Fézensac |
| Succeeded by | Claude Carnot-Feulin |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
13 May 1753 Nolay, Côte-d'Or |
| Died | 2 August 1823 (aged 70) Magdeburg, Prussia |
| Political party | Independent |
| Children |
Sadi Carnot Lazare Hippolyte Carnot |
| Profession | Mathematician, engineer, military commander, politician |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
Lazare Nicolas Marguerite, Count Carnot (13 May 1753 – 2 August 1823), the Organizer of Victory in the French Revolutionary Wars, was a French politician, engineer, freemason and mathematician.
Born in Nolay, Côte-d'Or, Carnot was educated in Burgundy at the Collège d’Autun, an artillery and engineering prep school. He graduated from Mézières School of Engineering, where he had met and studied with Benjamin Franklin, at the age of twenty and obtained commission as a lieutenant in the Prince of Condé’s engineer corps. It was here that he made a name for himself both in the line of (physics) theoretical engineering and in his work in the field of fortifications. While in the army, he continued his study of mathematics. In 1784 he published his first work Essay on Machines, which contained a statement that foreshadowed the principle of energy as applied to a falling weight, and the earliest proof that kinetic energy is lost in the collision of imperfectly elastic bodies. This publication earned him the honor of admittance to a literary society. In that same year, he also received a promotion to the rank of captain.
At the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, Carnot entered political life. He became a delegate to the Legislature in 1791. While a member of the Legislative Assembly, Carnot was elected to the Committee for Public Instruction. He believed that all citizens should be educated and as a member of that committee, he wrote a series of reforms for the teaching and educational systems, but they were not implemented due to the violent social and economic climate of the Revolution.
After the Legislative Assembly was dissolved, Carnot was elected to the National Convention in 1792. He spent the last few months of 1792 on a mission to Bayonne, organizing the military defense effort in an attempt to ward off any possible attacks from Spain. Upon returning to Paris, Carnot voted for the death of King Louis XVI, although he had been absent for the debates surrounding the king’s trial.
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