Late Basquisation

Late Basquisation is a much debated hypothesis which places the arrival of the first Basque-speakers in north-eastern Iberia from Aquitaine in the 5th or 6th century CE.

The Basque language is a language isolate that has survived the arrival of Indo-European languages in western Europe.

There are two main hypotheses concerning the historical geographical spread of the Basque or proto-Basque language:

In his 2008 book Historia de las Lenguas de Europa (History of the Languages of Europe), the Spanish philologist and hellenist Francisco Rodríguez Adrados has updated the debate by arguing that the Basque language is older in Aquitaine than in the Spanish Basque country, and it now inhabits its current territory because of pressure of the Celtic invasions.

According to this perspective, over a more ancient autochthonous Indo-European occupation, evidence appears of important Celtic establishments in the current territory of the Basque Country (though apparently not in the Pyrenean valleys of Navarre). Both cultures coexisted, the Celtic elements being socially predominant, until the arrival of the Romans. This is observed all over Álava and Biscay, thus being concluded that the Caristii and Varduli were not Basque tribes or peoples, but that they were Indo-Europeans like their neighbors Autrigones, Cantabri, and Beroni.

Late Basquisation is supported by the following evidence:

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