Lappet

A lappet is a decorative flap, fold or hanging part of a headdress or garment. Lappets were a feature of women's headgear until the early 20th century, and are still a feature of religious garments. Examples of lappets are to be found on the papal tiara and on the Nemes headdress of the kings of ancient Egypt. The same term is also used for similar-looking anatomical features on some animals.

The mitres worn by bishops and abbots of Western liturgical denominations, such as the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of England have lappets attached to them.

The lappets are probably a vestige of the ancient Greek headband called a mitra (μἱτρα), from which the mitre itself descends. The mitra was a band of cloth tied around the head, the ends of the remaining fabric of which would fall down the back of the neck.

The Latin name for the lappets is infulae, which were originally headbands worn by dignitaries, priests, and others among the ancient Romans. They were generally white. Mitre lappets are often lined with red silk.

In the Armenian Apostolic Church the lappets are not attached directly to the mitre but are attached to the back of the cope.

Since early mediæval times each papal tiara has included two lappets. Their origins remain a mystery, though they are obviously an imitation of the lappets on the bishop's mitre. It has been speculated that lappets first were added to papal tiaras as a form of sweatband, with inner cloth being used to prevent popes from sweating too heavily during papal ceremonial in hot Roman summers.

The two lappets (Latin: caudæ, lit. "tails") at the back of the tiara are first seen in the pictures and sculpture in the thirteenth century, but were undoubtedly customary before this. Strange to say, they were black in color, as is evident both from the monumental remains and from the inventories, and this color was retained even into the fifteenth century.

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