Landing performance

The performance data for landing an aircraft can be obtained from the aircraft's flight manual or pilot's operating handbook. It will state the distance required to bring the aircraft to a stop under ideal conditions, assuming the aircraft crosses the runway threshold at a height of 50 ft, at the correct speed. The actual landing performance of an aircraft is affected by many variables which must be taken into account.

The weight of an aircraft is one of the basic factors that determines the length of the landing roll of an aircraft. An increase in weight increases the stall speed of an aircraft. Stall is a reduction in the lift coefficient generated by a wing as angle of attack increases. Therefore, the minimum approach speed is much higher in case of heavier aircraft. The kinetic energy (1/2 mV²) that has to be overcome to stop an airplane, is a function of the mass of the airplane and the square of the speed at touchdown. The kinetic energy in case of heavier aircraft is higher and the brakes have to absorb this greater energy, increasing the landing run of an aircraft.

A decrease in density of air results in decrease in both aircraft and Engine performance. High elevation airports are characterized by low pressure and high ambient temperatures. The True Airspeed (TAS) will be higher than the Indicated airspeed indicated by the Airspeed indicator to the pilot in air of low density. This increase in TAS leads to greater touchdown speed hence increases the landing roll. More energy has to be absorbed by the brakes thus demanding the need of a longer runway. An increased density altitude means a longer landing distance.

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Wikipedia