Charlotte of Hesse-Homburg (Charlotte Dorothea Sophia; 17 June 1672 - 29 August 1738), was a German noblewoman member of the House of Hesse and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Weimar.

Born in Kassel, she was the eldest of twelve children born from the second marriage of Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg with Louise Elisabeth Kettler, Princess of Courland and Semigallia. From her eleven full-siblings, eight survive adulthood: Frederick III Jacob, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, Karl Christian, Hedwig Louise (by marriage Countess of Schlieben), Philipp, Wilhelmine Maria (by marriage Countess of Aldenburg), Eleonore Margarete, Elisabeth Franziska (by marriage Princess of Nassau-Siegen) and Casimir William (whose son eventually inherited Homburg). In addition, Charlotte had further three half-siblings from her father's third marriage with Sophie Sybille of Leiningen-Westerburg, of whom only one survive: Louis George.

In Kassel on 4 November 1694 Charlotte married Johann Ernst III, Duke of Saxe-Weimar as his second wife. They had four children:

After her husband's death in 1707, she received as a Wittum (Dower land) the town of Hardisleben. Her main residence was the Yellow Castle (German: Gelbe Schloss) in Weimar, which was built during 1702-1704.

The guardianship of her only surviving child, Johann Ernest, was given to her brother-in-law William Ernest; however, Charlotte devotedly took care of her son during his illness and death aged 18, in 1715.

Charlotte died in Weimar aged 66. She was buried in the Fürstengruft, Weimar.

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