Landau damping

In physics, Landau damping, named after its discoverer, the eminent Soviet physicist Lev Landau (1908–68), is the effect of damping (exponential decrease as a function of time) of longitudinal space charge waves in plasma or a similar environment. This phenomenon prevents an instability from developing, and creates a region of stability in the parameter space. It was later argued by Donald Lynden-Bell that a similar phenomenon was occurring in galactic dynamics, where the gas of electrons interacting by electrostatic forces is replaced by a "gas of stars" interacting by gravitation forces. Landau damping can be manipulated exactly in numerical simulations such as particle-in-cell simulation. It was proved to exist experimentally by Malmberg and Wharton in 1964, almost two decades after its prediction by Landau in 1946.

Landau damping occurs because of the energy exchange between an electromagnetic wave with phase velocity ${\displaystyle v_{ph}}$ and particles in the plasma with velocity approximately equal to ${\displaystyle v_{ph}}$, which can interact strongly with the wave. Those particles having velocities slightly less than ${\displaystyle v_{ph}}$ will be accelerated by the electric field of the wave to move with the wave phase velocity, while those particles with velocities slightly greater than ${\displaystyle v_{ph}}$ will be decelerated losing energy to the wave: particles tend to synchronize with the wave. This is proved experimentally with a Traveling-wave tube.

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