Lake Bonney Riverland

Lake Bonney Riverland Barmera
Lake Bonney Riverland seen from Barmera
Lake Bonney Riverland Location in South Australia
Location	Riverland, South Australia
Coordinates	34°14′S 140°27′E / 34.233°S 140.450°E / -34.233; 140.450Coordinates: 34°14′S 140°27′E / 34.233°S 140.450°E / -34.233; 140.450
Primary inflows	Murray River
Primary outflows	Murray River
Catchment area	Murray Darling Basin
Basin countries	Australia
Surface area	16.2 square kilometres (6.25 sq mi)
Settlements	Barmera

Lake Bonney Riverland (alternative name: Barmera) is a freshwater lake located in the Riverland region of South Australia. The lake is fed and drained by the River Murray. The town of Barmera is located on its shores.

The lake was discovered by Europeans on 12 March 1838, when encountered by the overlanding party of Joseph Hawdon and Charles Bonney, who were the first to drove livestock from New South Wales to Adelaide. Hawdon named the lake that day after Bonney, while recording that the local indigenous people named it 'Nookampka'. At that time it was a fine sheet of water, but was dried out and muddy three years later in 1841 when the police expedition led by Thomas O'Halloran passed by on its way to rescue other overlanders at the Rufus River.

When Charles Sturt passed by in 1844 on his expedition into the interior of Australia, he surveyed Lake Bonney for the first time, as well as the creek connecting it to the River Murray. James Collins Hawker, then residing at Moorundie, assisted Sturt’s surveyor Poole. In appreciation, on 2 September 1844 Sturt named the creek Hawkers Creek, but it was never officially adopted and is known as Chambers Creek.

Pioneering settlers sometimes cropped the dry lake bed in times of low river flows. In 2007, to conserve water in the Murray system, a regulator was installed. The regulator cut the lake from the river system and the lakes' level dropped to its lowest level since 1914 and salinity increased markedly with loss of wildlife and also recreational water activities. The regulator was removed in December 2010 and this, with wet summer and winter rains restored it to normal levels by April 2011.

The lake was named Lake Bonney by Joseph Hawdon after his friend, Charles Bonney in 1838. The name was changed to 'Lake Barmera, River Murray' in 1908 and was changed back to 'Lake Bonney' in 1913. A subsequent proposal to rename the lake as 'Lake Barmera' did not proceed.