Lactarius torminosus
| Lactarius torminosus | |
|---|---|
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Russulales |
| Family: | Russulaceae |
| Genus: | Lactarius |
| Species: | L. torminosus |
| Binomial name | |
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Lactarius torminosus (Schaeff.) Gray (1821) |
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| Synonyms | |
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Agaricus torminosus Schaeff. (1774) |
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| Lactarius torminosus | |
|---|---|
| Mycological characteristics | |
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gills on hymenium |
 
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cap is convex or depressed |
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hymenium is decurrent |
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stipe is bare |
 
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spore print is cream to yellow |
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ecology is mycorrhizal |
 
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edibility: edible but not recommended |
Agaricus torminosus Schaeff. (1774)
Lactarius necator (Bull.) Pers. (1800) Galorrheus torminosus (Schaeff.) P.Kumm. (1871)
Lactifluus torminosus (Schaeff.) Kuntze (1891)
Lactarius torminosus var. sublateritius Kühner & Romagn. (1954)
cap is convex
spore print is cream
edibility: edible
Lactarius torminosus, commonly known as the woolly milkcap or the bearded milkcap, is a large agaric fungus. A common and widely distributed species, it is found in North Africa, northern Asia, Europe, and North America. It was first described scientifically by Jacob Christian Schäffer in 1774 as an Agaricus, and later transferred to the genus Lactarius in 1821 by Samuel Frederick Gray. A variety, L. torminosus var. nordmanensis, is known from the United States, Canada, and Switzerland. L. torminosus officially became the type species of Lactarius in 2011 after molecular studies prompted the taxonomic reshuffling of species between several Russulaceae genera.
A mycorrhizal species, L. torminosus associates with various trees, most commonly birch, and its fruit bodies (mushrooms) grow on the ground singly or in groups in mixed forests. The caps of L. torminosus mushrooms are convex with a central depression, and attain a diameter of up to 10 cm (3.9 in). A blend of pink and ochre hues, the cap sometimes has concentric zones of alternating lighter and darker shades. The edge of the cap is rolled inward, and shaggy when young. On the underside of the cap are narrow flesh-colored gills that are crowded closely together. The cylindrical stem is a pale flesh color with a delicately downy surface and brittle flesh; it is up to 8 cm (3.1 in) long and 0.6–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) thick. When cut or injured, the fruit bodies ooze a bitter white latex that does not change color upon exposure to air. The variety nordmanensis, in contrast, has latex that changes from white to yellow. Lactarius torminosus can be distinguished from similar species like L. pubescens or L. villosus by differences in morphology and coloration, or by microscopic characteristics like spore shape and size.
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