L-vocalization

In linguistics, l-vocalization is a process by which a lateral approximant such as [l] sound is replaced by a vowel or semivowel sound. It happens most often to velarized [ɫ].

There are two types of l-vocalization:

Vocalization of a velarized or dark l is normally what produces the former while the latter is rare (but occurred in Italian) and normally affects a clear l.

Examples of L-vocalization can be found in many West Germanic languages, including English, Scots, Dutch, and some German dialects.

L-vocalization has occurred, since Early Modern English, in certain -al- and -ol- sequences before coronal or velar consonants, or at the end of a word or morpheme. In those sequences, /al/ became /awl/ and diphthonged to /ɑul/, while /ɔl/ became /ɔwl/ and diphthonged to /ɔul/.

At the end of a word or morpheme, it produced all, ball, call, control, droll, extol, fall, gall, hall, knoll, mall, pall, poll, roll, scroll, small, squall, stall, stroll, swollen, tall, thrall, toll, troll and wall. The word shall did not follow this trend, and remains /ˈʃæl/ today.

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