Kyphoscoliosis
| Kyphoscolios | |
|---|---|
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| Kyphoscoliosis in a 10-year-old girl with HSANIII. | |
| Classification and external resources | |
| Specialty | medical genetics |
| ICD-10 | M41, Q67.5 |
| ICD-9-CM | 737.30, 756.19 |
Kyphoscoliosis describes an abnormal curvature of the spine in both a coronal and sagittal plane. It is a combination of kyphosis and scoliosis. This musculoskeletal disorder often leads to other issues in patients, such as under-ventilation of lungs, pulmonary hypertension, difficulty in performing day-to-day activities, psychological issues emanating from anxiety about acceptance among peers, especially in young patients. It can also be seen in syringomyelia, Friedreich's ataxia, spina bifida and Duchenne muscular dystrophy due to asymmetric weakening of the paraspinal muscles.
The following are clear signs of Kyphoscoliosis:
Kyphosis by itself refers to an excessive convex curvature of spine occurring in the thoracic and sacral regions. A normal thoracic curvature from the 1st to the 12th spine has a naturally occurring convex shape with angles ranging from 20 degrees to 45 degrees. When the curvature goes past 45 degrees, the condition is termed as Kyphosis.
Kyphosis, depending on the extent of curvature can result in many discomforts including breathing and digestion difficulties, cardiovascular issues, and even neurological deformities. The greater the extent of deformity, the more pressing the need becomes for a surgery.
Kyphosis by itself is of several types, including postural kyphosis caused by slouching. Such forms of kyphosis can be reversed to a certain extent by correcting muscular imbalances. The more debilitating version of kyphosis is Scheuermann’s kyphosis, found mostly in teenagers. There are few other causes of Kyphosis as well, such as congenital, nutritional or osteoporosis induced and post-traumatic.
Depending on the type of Kyphosis, the extent of curvature, the age of the patient, various treatment modalities can be suggested including the provision for posture correction, braces, physiotherapy for correcting the muscular imbalance, and finally the surgery. Surgery can be most useful in patients who have an extensive deformity. The rate of post-surgery complications may be higher in elderly patients.
Scoliosis refers to yet another form of abnormal curvature in which the person’s spine takes an “S” or “C” shape. Scoliosis too has similar forms of treatments available as Kyphosis including bracing, physical therapy and various types of surgeries. Typically, a human spine is straight but in Scoliosis patients; there may be a curve of ten degrees in either direction, left or right.
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