Kronecker limit formula

In mathematics, the classical Kronecker limit formula describes the constant term at s = 1 of a real analytic Eisenstein series (or Epstein zeta function) in terms of the Dedekind eta function. There are many generalizations of it to more complicated Eisenstein series. It is named for Leopold Kronecker.

The (first) Kronecker limit formula states that

where

for Re(s) > 1, and by analytic continuation for other values of the complex number s.

So the Eisenstein series has a pole at s = 1 of residue π, and the (first) Kronecker limit formula gives the constant term of the Laurent series at this pole.

The second Kronecker limit formula states that

where

for Re(s) > 1, and is defined by analytic continuation for other values of the complex number s.

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