Kosmos 690
| Mission type | Bioscience |
|---|---|
| Operator | Institute of Biomedical Problems |
| COSPAR ID | 1974-080A |
| SATCAT no. | 07478 |
| Mission duration | 20.5 days |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft type | Bion |
| Manufacturer | TsSKB |
| Launch mass | 5,500 kilograms (12,100 lb) |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 20 October 1974, 18:00:00 UTC |
| Rocket | Soyuz-U |
| Launch site | Plesetsk 43/4 |
| End of mission | |
| Landing date | 12 November 1974, 04:48 UTC |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric |
| Regime | LEO |
| Eccentricity | 0.0102525 |
| Perigee | 213 kilometres (132 mi) |
| Apogee | 350 kilometres (220 mi) |
| Inclination | 62.8068º |
| Period | 90.4 minutes |
| RAAN | 187.1084 degrees |
| Argument of perigee | 115.0132 degrees |
| Mean anomaly | 246.1654 degrees |
| Mean motion | 15.97292222 |
| Epoch | 08 November 1974, 02:18:12 UTC |
| Revolution no. | 261 |
Kosmos 690, or Bion 2 (in Russian: Бион 2, Космос 690) was a Bion satellite launched by the Soviet Union on October 22, 1974 at 1800 hours UTC.
It carried albino rats for biomedical research. Scientists from Czechoslovakia, Romania and Soviet Union subjected the rats to daily radiation doses from a gamma source by ground command. When they were recovered 20.5 days later, many rats had developed lung problems and their blood and bone marrow had changed more than those of control specimens. It had an on-orbit dry mass of 5500 kilograms and had a U.S. National Space Science Data Centre ID of 1974-080A.
The spacecraft was based on the Zenit spy satellite with emphasis on studying the problems of radiation effects on human beings.
It was also known as Biocosmos 2, Cosmos 690 and 07478.
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