Klingon grammar

The grammar of the Klingon language was created by Marc Okrand for the Star Trek franchise. He first described it in his book The Klingon Dictionary. It is a nominative–accusative, primarily suffixing agglutinative language, and has an object–verb–subject word order. The Klingon language has a number of unusual grammatical features, as it was designed to sound and seem alien, but it has an extremely regular morphology.

Klingon follows a object–verb–subject word order. Adverbs usually go at the beginning of the sentence and prepositional phrases go before the object.

Sentences can be treated as objects, and the word ’e’ is placed after the sentence. ’e’ is treated as the object of the next sentence. The adverbs, indirect objects and locatives of the latter sentence go after the subject, but before the ’e’

Klingon has three noun classes. The first one is living beings with an innate capacity to use language. The second one is body parts (not the body itself) and the third is all other nouns. Klingon has no articles, so the word raS table can mean a table or the table. The difference between the two is inferred from context. The suffixes are ordered based on type number; a type 2 suffix goes before a type 3 suffix, but after a type 1 suffix.

There are five types of noun suffixes. A word cannot have two suffixes of the same type.

This type has three suffixes:

This type of suffix forms plurals. There are three suffixes, one for each noun class.

A noun does not require a plural suffix if a pronoun or pronominal prefix serves to indicate that it is plural, or if it is being used in conjunction with a number.

This type of suffix indicates the speaker's opinion of the applicability of the noun. There are three suffixes:

This type of suffix indicates possession or specifies which object is referred to. It contains twelve suffixes.

There are ten possession suffixes, indicating who is the possessor of the object, which may be a person. For first- and second-person possessors, there are different forms depending on whether the "object" is a being capable of using language.

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