Kimmeridgean soil

Kimmeridge Clay Stratigraphic range: Kimmeridgian
Grey cliffs of Upper Kimmeridge Clay above the beach at Egmont Bight
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Ancholme Group
Underlies	Portland Formation
Overlies	Ampthill Clay
Lithology
Primary	Claystone
Location
Region	England (surface) North Sea (subsurface)
Country	England
Type section
Named for	Kimmeridge Bay

The Kimmeridge Clay is a sedimentary deposit of fossiliferous marine clay which is of Jurassic age and occurs in Europe. This rock formation is the major source rock for North Sea oil. The fossil fauna of the Kimmeridge Clay includes turtles, crocodiles, sauropods, plesiosaurs, pliosaurs and ichthyosaurs, as well as a number of invertebrate species.

Kimmeridge Clay is named after the village of Kimmeridge on the Dorset coast of England, where it is well exposed and forms part of the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site. It exists across England, in a band stretching from Dorset in the south-west, north-east to East Anglia.

The Humber Bridge's foundations are in the Kimmeridge Clay deposits under the Humber estuary.

Kimmeridge Clay is arguably the most economically important unit of rocks in the whole of Europe, being the major source rock for oil fields in the North Sea hydrocarbon province. It has distinctive physical properties, log responses, and palynological signature.

A Kimmeridge Oil Shale Project (KOSP) has been pursued by the UK based oil and shale gas exploration company Cuadrilla Resources.

Fauna uncovered from the Kimmeridge Clay include:

Thrissops