Khozraschyot

Khozraschyot (Russian: Хозрасчёт; IPA: [ˌxozrɐˈɕːɵt]; short for Хозяйственный расчёт, "economic accounting") was an attempt to simulate the capitalist concepts of profit and profit center into the planned economy of the Soviet Union.

The term has often been translated as cost accounting, which does not cover significant peculiarities of the Soviet economy. It has also been conflated with other notions of self-financing (самофинансирование; samofinansirovanie), self-reevaluation (самоокупаемость; samo-okupaemost'), and self-management (самоуправление; samoupravlenie) introduced in the 1980s.

As defined in the Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary:

Khozraschyot introduced the necessity in accountability and profitability as well as the motivation in thrifty expenditures.

The notion was introduced during the NEP period. However, the notion of "profitability" tended to favor light industry over heavy industry, which was hindered on the pretext of "poor profitability".

Since the priority in development of heavy industry and capital goods to ensure fast modernisation of the Soviet Union was among the major dogmas of Marxist economics, by the end of the 1920s the notion of economic profitability was subordinated to the demands of an economic plan (хозяйственный план), which in its turn was put into a direct dependence on political decisions and whose "control figures" were turned from guidelines into obligatory targets expressed in the series of Five-Year Plans.

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