Karma-mimamsa

Mimamsa (IAST: Mīmāṃsā) is a Sanskrit word that means "reflection" or "critical investigation". Also known as Pūrva-Mīmāṃsā or Karma-Mīmāṃsā,) it is one of six orthodox (astika) schools of Hinduism. The school is known for its philosophical theories on the nature of dharma, based on hermeneutics of the Vedas. The Mīmāṃsā school was foundational and influential for the vedāntic schools, which were also known as Uttara-Mīmāṃsā. The differences were that the Mīmāṃsā school developed and emphasized karma-kāṇḍa, or the study of ritual actions, using the four early Vedas, while the Vedānta schools developed and emphasized jñana-kāṇḍa, the study of knowledge and spirituality, using the later parts of Vedas like the Upaniṣads.

Mīmāṃsā has several sub-schools, each defined by its epistemology. The Prābhākara sub-school, from the philsopher Prabhākara Miśra, described the five epistemically reliable means to gaining knowledge: pratyakṣha or perception; anumāna or inference; upamāna, by comparison and analogy; arthāpatti, the use of postulation and derivation from circumstances; and śabda, the word or testimony of past or present reliable experts. The Bhāṭṭa sub-school, from philosopher Kumārila Bhaṭṭa, added a sixth means to its canon; anupalabdhi meant non-perception, or proof by the absence of cognition (e.g., the lack of gunpowder on a suspect's hand)

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