Karl Heilbronner (21 November 1869 Nürnberg – 8 September 1914 Utrecht) was a German psychiatrist. He specialized in research of apraxia, depression and obsessive behavior disorders.
He studied medicine at the University of Munich as a pupil of Hubert von Grashey, obtaining his doctorate in 1894. He later worked as an assistant to Carl Wernicke at Breslau (1894–98), followed by service as a senior physician under Eduard Hitzig at the University of Halle. In 1903 he succeeded Theodor Ziehen as a full professor of psychiatry at the University of Utrecht.