Kantele
A kantele (Finnish: [ˈkɑntele]) is a traditional Finnish and Karelian plucked string instrument (chordophone) belonging to the Baltic box zither family known as the Baltic psaltery along with Estonian kannel, Latvian kokles, Lithuanian kanklės, Mari kusle and Russian gusli. Kantele is also related to the ancient Asian instruments such as Uyghur kanun, Chinese guzheng, Japanese koto, and Korean gayageum.
Modern instruments with 15 or fewer strings are generally more closely modeled on traditional shapes, and form a category of instrument known as small kantele, in contrast to the modern concert kantele.
The oldest forms of kantele have 5 or 6 horsehair strings and a wooden body carved from one piece; more modern instruments have metal strings and often a body made from several pieces. The traditional kantele has neither bridge nor nut, the strings run directly from the tuning pegs to a metal bar (varras) set into wooden brackets (ponsi). Though not acoustically efficient, this construction is part of the distinctive sound of the kantele.
The most typical and traditional tuning of the five-string small kantele is just intonation arrived at via five point tuning, often in d major or d minor. This occurs especially if kantele is played as a solo instrument or as a part of a folk music ensemble. The major triad is then formed by d1–f♯1–a1. In modern variants of small kantele, there are often semitone levers for some strings. Most typical is the lever for a five string kantele is a switch between f♯1 and f1, which allows most of the folk music to be played without retuning. Larger small kanteles very often have also other semitone levers that allow more varied selection of music to be played without retuning.
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