KAUR-1

The KAUR (Russian: КАУР, Космический Аппарат Унифицированного Ряда, Universal Spacecraft Series) was a very successfulsatellite bus designed and manufactured by ISS Reshetnev (then NPO PM). It is a pressurized bus originally developed in the 1960s, it has been used from low Earth Orbit to medium Earth orbit and even to GEO. It has four different generations and its different versions have been used from civilian communications to satellite navigation.

First generation of the bus, used on:

While not presented as such, the Ekspress satellite bus can be considered at least its replacement.

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