K. Marx
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Karl Marx FRSA |
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Karl Marx in 1875
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| Born |
5 May 1818 Trier, Kingdom of Prussia |
| Died | 14 March 1883 (aged 64) London, United Kingdom |
| Residence | Germany, France, Belgium, United Kingdom |
| Nationality | Prussian (stateless after 1845) |
| Alma mater |
University of Bonn University of Berlin University of Jena |
| Era | 19th-century philosophy |
| Region | Western philosophy, German philosophy |
| School | Marxism |
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Main interests
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Politics, economics, philosophy, history |
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Notable ideas
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Surplus value, contributions to the labour theory of value, class struggle, alienation and exploitation of the worker, materialist conception of history |
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Influenced
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Karl Marx (/mɑːrks/;German: [ˈkaɐ̯l ˈmaɐ̯ks]; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a Prussian-born philosopher, economist, political theorist, sociologist, journalist and revolutionary socialist.
Born in Trier to a middle-class family, Marx later studied political economy and Hegelian philosophy. As an adult, Marx became stateless and spent much of his life in London, England, where he continued to develop his thought in collaboration with German thinker Friedrich Engels and published various works, of which the two most well-known are the 1848 pamphlet The Communist Manifesto and the three-volume Das Kapital. His work has since influenced subsequent intellectual, economic and political history.
Marx's theories about society, economics and politics—collectively understood as Marxism—hold that human societies develop through class struggle. In capitalism, this manifests itself in the conflict between the ruling classes (known as the bourgeoisie) that control the means of production and working classes (known as the proletariat) that enable these means by selling their labour power in return for wages. Employing a critical approach known as historical materialism, Marx predicted that, like previous socioeconomic systems, capitalism produced internal tensions which would lead to its self-destruction and replacement by a new system: socialism. For Marx, class antagonisms under capitalism, owing in part to its instability and crisis-prone nature, would eventuate the working class' development of class consciousness, leading to their conquest of political power and eventually the establishment of a classless, communist society constituted by a free association of producers. Marx actively fought for its implementation, arguing that the working class should carry out organised revolutionary action to topple capitalism and bring about socio-economic emancipation.
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