The first Juncker–Asselborn Ministry was the government of Luxembourg between 31 July 2004 and 23 July 2009. It was led by, and named after, Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker and Deputy Prime Minister Jean Asselborn.
It represented a coalition between Juncker's Christian Social People's Party (CSV) and Asselborn's Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP), after these had been elected the largest and second-largest parties respectively in the legislature, in the general election of 2004. Previously, the CSV had been governing in coalition with the liberal Democratic Party.
At the elections of 13 June 2004, the two parties that had been in government since 1999 experienced different fates. The CSV emerged the winner of the election, gaining 5 more seats than its 1999 result of 19. For the first time since 1984, it managed to recover from the slow erosion of its position as the dominant party. As to its coalition partner, the Democratic Party, it lost a third of its seats, and was left with only 10 seats in the new Chamber of Deputies. The other winners of the election were the Greens (Déi Gréng), receiving 7 seats (up from 5 in 1999). For the first time, they were represented in parliament with members from all four constituencies. The LSAP gained one seat compared to 1999, and again became the second-largest party in the Chamber with 14 seats. However, it did not manage to return to its strong results from before 1999, having made only light gains. The ADR lost seats for the first time since its entry into parliament in 1989, and was left with 5 seats (7 in 1999). The far left, divided between the Communist Party and Déi Lénk, only received on seat.