July Revolt of 1927
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Vienna Palace of Justice in the 1880s
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| Date | 15 July 1927 |
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| Location | Vienna, Austria |
| Participants | Austrian Social Democrats |
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The July Revolt of 1927 (also known as the Vienna Palace of Justice fire, German: Wiener Justizpalastbrand) was a major riot starting on 15 July 1927 in the Austrian capital Vienna. It culminated in the firing by police forces into the outraged crowd, killing 89 protesters, while five policemen died. More than 600 protestors and around 600 policemen were injured.
The clash was the result of conflict between the Social Democratic Party of Austria and a right-wing alliance including wealthy industrialists and the Catholic Church. Many paramilitary forces had been formed in Austria during the early 1920s, among them the Nationalist Frontkämpfervereinigung Deutsch-Österreichs under Col. Hermann Hiltl and the Social Democratic Republikanischer Schutzbund. A clash between those groups during a gathering in Schattendorf, Burgenland on 30 January 1927 resulted in the death of a World War I veteran and an eight-year-old boy. Three Frontkämpfer were indicted in a Vienna court in July for shooting them from ambush. Defended by lawyer Walter Riehl pleading self-defence, they were however acquitted in a jury trial.
This "Schattendorf Verdict" led to a general strike which had the aim of bringing down the government headed by Christian Social Party chancellor Ignaz Seipel. Massive protests began on the morning of July 15, when a furious crowd tried to storm the main building of the Vienna University on the Ringstrasse. The protesters attacked and damaged a nearby police station and a newspaper building, before proceeding to the Austrian Parliament Building. Forced back by police, they arrived in the square in front of the Palace of Justice. At about noon, protesters entered the building by smashing the windows; they then demolished the furnishings and began setting fire to files. Soon the building was ablaze; the fire spread out quickly, as the Vienna fire brigade was attacked by several demonstrators who cut the hoses and so prevented its being brought under control until the early morning.
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