Julius Wagner-Jauregg

Julius Wagner-Jauregg
Julius Wagner-Jauregg with his signature
Born	(1857-03-07)7 March 1857 Wels, Austrian Empire
Died	27 September 1940(1940-09-27) (aged 83) Vienna, Nazi Germany
Other names	Julius Wagner
Nationality	Austria
Fields	Pathology Psychiatry
Institutions	University of Vienna University of Graz State Lunatic Asylum at Steinhof
Alma mater	University of Vienna
Thesis	L'origine et la fonction du coeur accélére (Origin and function of the accelerated heart) (1880)
Doctoral advisor	Salomon Stricker
Known for	Malariotherapy
Notable awards	Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1927)
Spouse	Balbine Frumkin (divorced 1903) Anna Koch (married 1899)
Children	Julia and Theodore

Julius Wagner-Jauregg (7 March 1857 – 27 September 1940) was an Austrian physician, who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1927, and is the only psychiatrist to have done so. His Nobel award was "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica".

Julius Wagner-Jauregg was born Julius Wagner on 7 March 1857 in Wels, Upper Austria, the son of Adolph Johann Wagner and Ludovika Jauernigg Ranzoni. His family name was changed to "Wagner von Jauregg" when his father was conferred a Ritter (a hereditary title of nobility) in 1883 by the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Hence he retained the name Julius Wagner Ritter von Jauregg until 1918 when the empire was dissolved, and nobility was abolished. The family name was then contracted to "Wagner-Jauregg". He attended the Schottengymnasium in Vienna before going on to study Medicine at the University of Vienna from 1874 to 1880, where he also studied with Salomon Stricker in the Institute of General and Experimental Pathology. He obtained his doctorate in 1880 with the thesis "L'origine et la fonction du cœur accéléré." He left the institute in 1882.

After leaving the clinic, he conducted laboratory experiments with animals, which was practiced very little at this time. From 1883 to 1887 he worked with Maximilian Leidesdorf in the Psychiatric Clinic, although his original training was not in the pathology of the nervous system. In 1889 he succeeded the famous Richard von Krafft-Ebing at the Neuro-Psychiatric Clinic of the University of Graz, and started his research on Goitre, cretinism and iodine. In 1893 he became Extraordinary Professor of Psychiatry and Nervous Diseases, and Director of the Clinic for Psychiatry and Nervous Diseases in Vienna, as successor to Theodor Meynert. A student and assistant of Wagner-Jauregg during this time was Constantin von Economo.