Julia Morgan
| Julia Morgan | |
|---|---|
William Randolph Hearst and Julia Morgan in 1926
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| Born |
January 20, 1872 San Francisco, California |
| Died | February 2, 1957 (aged 85) |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | University of California, Berkeley |
| Occupation | Architect |
| Awards | AIA Gold Medal |
| Buildings |
Los Angeles Examiner Building The YWCA in Chinatown, San Francisco Riverside Art Museum Asilomar Conference Grounds |
| Projects | Hearst Castle |
Julia Morgan (January 20, 1872 – February 2, 1957) was an American architect in California. She designed more than 700 buildings in California during a long and prolific career. She is best known for her work on Hearst Castle in San Simeon, California.
Morgan was the first woman to be admitted to the architecture program at l'École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris and the first woman architect licensed in California. She designed many buildings for institutions serving women and girls including YWCA buildings and buildings for Mills College.
Morgan embraced the Arts and Crafts Movement and used various producers of California pottery to adorn her buildings.
Julia Morgan is the first woman to receive the AIA Gold Medal, which she received posthumously in 2013.
Morgan's father, Charles Bill Morgan, was born into a prominent East Coast family that included successful military men, politicians, and influential businessmen. He studied to be a mining engineer, then in 1867, he sailed for San Francisco, California, to speculate in mines and oil. He returned the next year to marry Eliza Woodland Parmelee, the favored daughter of Albert O. Parmelee, a cotton trader and self-made millionaire. The wedding was in Brooklyn, New York, where she had grown up. As a wedding present, Parmelee gave his daughter an envelope full of money so that she could raise a family in comfort. He indicated that more money would follow.
The newlyweds traveled to San Francisco and settled downtown in a family-oriented but luxurious residential hotel. In April 1870, a son was born and named Parmelee Morgan. On January 20, 1872, Julia Morgan was born. Two years later, the Morgans moved across the San Francisco Bay to Oakland, to live in a large house they had built in the Stick-Eastlake style at 754 14th Street at its intersection with Brush Street at the downtown edge of what is now known as West Oakland. (This Victorian-era building has since been demolished.) Three more children were born to the family in Oakland. At every new birth, grandfather Parmelee paid for the Morgans to travel to the East Coast by transcontinental train so that the grandchild could be christened in the traditional family church in New York.
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