Joseph Leidy
| Joseph Leidy | |
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Joseph Leidy circa 1870
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| Born |
September 9, 1823 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States |
| Died | April 30, 1891 (aged 67) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States |
| Nationality | American |
| Fields | paleontology, anatomy, parasitology |
| Institutions |
Academy of Natural Sciences University of Pennsylvania Wagner Free Institute of Science |
| Notable awards | Lyell Medal (1884) |
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Joseph Leidy (September 9, 1823 – April 30, 1891) was an American paleontologist.
Leidy was professor of anatomy at the University of Pennsylvania, and later was a professor of natural history at Swarthmore College. His book Extinct Fauna of Dakota and Nebraska (1869) contained many species not previously described and many previously unknown on the North American continent. At the time, scientific investigation was largely the province of wealthy amateurs.
Leidy named the holotype specimen of Hadrosaurus foulkii, which was recovered from the marl pits of Haddonfield, New Jersey. It was notable for being the first nearly-complete fossilized skeleton of a dinosaur ever recovered. The specimen was originally discovered by William Parker Foulke. Leidy concluded, contrary to the view prevailing at the time, that this dinosaur could adopt a bipedal posture. He also described the holotype specimens of Arctodus (A. simus), the dire wolf (Canis dirus), and the American lion (Panthera leo atrox), among many others.
The noted American fossil collector and paleontologist E. D. Cope was a student of Leidy's, but the enmity and ruthless competition that developed between him and rival paleontologist O. C. Marsh eventually drove Leidy out of western American vertebrate paleontology, a field that Leidy had helped to found. Marsh claimed Leidy contributed to the falling out of the two by showing Cope in the presence of Marsh that Cope had mistakenly placed the head of a fossil Elasmosaurus on the tail, rather than on the neck, and then publishing a correction.
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