Joseph Galloway
| Joseph Galloway | |
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Continental Congressman 1774 |
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| Member of the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly | |
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Assumed office 1776 |
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| Speaker of the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly (1st term) | |
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In office 1766–1769 |
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| Preceded by | Joseph Fox |
| Succeeded by | Joseph Fox |
| Speaker of the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly (2nd term) | |
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In office 1769–1774 |
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| Preceded by | Joseph Fox |
| Succeeded by | Edward Biddle |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1731 West River, Anne Arundel County, Maryland |
| Died | 10 August 1803 Watford, Hertfordshire, England |
| Spouse(s) | Grace Growden Galloway |
| Residence | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
| Profession | lawyer, politician |
Joseph Galloway (1731 – 10 August 1803) was an American politician. Galloway became a Loyalist during the American War of Independence, after serving as delegate to the Second Continental government from Pennsylvania. For much of his career in Pennsylvanian politics he was a close ally of Benjamin Franklin, and he became a leading figure in the colony. As a delegate to the Continental Congress Galloway was a moderate, and he proposed a Plan of Union which would have averted a full break from Britain. When this was rejected, Galloway moved increasingly towards Loyalism.
After 1778 he lived in Britain, where he acted as a leader of the Loyalist movement and an advisor to the government. Once Britain's Parliament granted American independence as part of the Peace of Paris (1783) many Loyalists went into forced exile and Galloway permanently settled in Britain.
Galloway was born near West River, Anne Arundel County, Maryland, the son of a landowner in the Colony. He moved with his father to Pennsylvania in 1749, where he received a liberal schooling. He studied law, for a time alongside William Franklin the son of Benjamin Franklin and later a fellow leading Loyalist, and was admitted to the bar and began to practice in Philadelphia.
Galloway married Grace Growdon on 18 October 1753, at Philadelphia. Some scholars speculate that Joseph married her out of motives of financial ascension, due to her wealthy father, rather than for reasons of affection.[6] Incidentally, Galloway converted to Anglicanism from Quakerism in order to marry Grace, and the conversion enhanced his political career.
Galloway soon became involved in the politics of the colony. He was a member of the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly from 1756 to 1774 and served as Speaker of the House from 1766 to 1774. He was a prominent member of the faction which opposed Pennsylvania being a Proprietary Colony of the Penn family, and called for it to be turned into a Crown Colony. Both Galloway and Franklin devoted a great deal of effort in lobbying London to bring the colony directly under the Crown's control.
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