John William Strutt 3rd Baron Rayleigh

The Lord Rayleigh OM PRS
Born	(1842-11-12)12 November 1842 Langford Grove, Maldon, Essex, England
Died	30 June 1919(1919-06-30) (aged 76) Terling Place, Witham, Essex, England
Nationality	English
Alma mater	Trinity College, Cambridge
Known for	Discovery of argon Rayleigh waves Rayleigh scattering Rayleigh criterion Rayleigh's criterion Rayleigh–Ritz method Duplex theory Sound theory Rayleigh flow Rayleigh problem Rayleigh-Plesset equation Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory Rayleigh–Taylor instability Rayleigh–Jeans law Rayleigh's equation
Awards	1865 Smith's Prize 1882 Royal Medal 1890 De Morgan Medal 1894 Matteucci Medal 1895 Faraday Lectureship Prize 1899 Copley Medal 1904 Nobel Prize for Physics 1905 Albert Medal 1913 Elliott Cresson Medal 1914 Rumford Medal
Scientific career
Fields	Physics
Institutions	Trinity College, Cambridge
Academic advisors	Edward John Routh Sir George Stokes
Notable students	J. J. Thomson Jagdish Chandra Bose
Signature

John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, OM, PC, PRS (/ˈreɪli/; 12 November 1842 – 30 June 1919) was a physicist who, with William Ramsay, discovered argon, an achievement for which he earned the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1904. He also discovered the phenomenon now called Rayleigh scattering, which can be used to explain why the sky is blue, and predicted the existence of the surface waves now known as Rayleigh waves. Rayleigh's textbook, The Theory of Sound, is still referred to by acoustic engineers today.

Strutt was born on 12 November 1842 at Langford Grove in Maldon, Essex. In his early years he suffered from frailty and poor health. He attended Harrow School, before going on to the University of Cambridge in 1861 where he studied mathematics at Trinity College, Cambridge. He obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree (Senior Wrangler and 1st Smith's prize) in 1865, and a Master of Arts in 1868. He was subsequently elected to a Fellowship of Trinity. He held the post until his marriage to Evelyn Balfour, daughter of James Maitland Balfour, in 1871. He had three sons with her. In 1873, on the death of his father, John Strutt, 2nd Baron Rayleigh, he inherited the Barony of Rayleigh.

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