John Philip Sousa Bridge

John Philip Sousa Bridge
The Sousa Bridge from the south in 2015
Coordinates	38°52′37″N 76°58′40″W / 38.8769°N 76.9779°W / 38.8769; -76.9779Coordinates: 38°52′37″N 76°58′40″W / 38.8769°N 76.9779°W / 38.8769; -76.9779
Carries	Six (6) lanes of Pennsylvania Avenue SE, plus two (2) sidewalks.
Crosses	Anacostia River
Owner	Washington, D.C.
Maintained by	District of Columbia Department of Transportation
Characteristics
Design	Continuous steel plate girder bridge
Material	Reinforced concrete, steel, masonry
History
Architect	U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Engineering design by	U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Constructed by	Penker Construction
Construction begin	August 1939
Construction end	January 18, 1941
Opened	December 9, 1940
Statistics
Toll	none

The John Philip Sousa Bridge, also known as the Sousa Bridge and the Pennsylvania Avenue Bridge, is a continuous steel plate girder bridge that carries Pennsylvania Avenue SE across the Anacostia River in Washington, D.C., in the United States. The bridge is named for famous United States Marine Band conductor and composer John Philip Sousa, who grew up near the bridge's northwestern terminus.

The first bridge at this location was constructed in 1804, but burned by United States armed forces in 1814 during the War of 1812. It was replaced in 1815, but the bridge burned to the waterline in 1846. The rapid growth of residential developments east of the Anacostia River led to the construction of a narrow, iron girder bridge in 1890. This bridge led to even swifter economic and residential development of the area. Efforts to replace the 1890 bridge with a modern structure began in 1931, but were not successful until 1938. The downstream (southern) span opened on December 9, 1939, to great fanfare. The upstream span was completed on January 18, 1941.

The Sousa Bridge has a partial interchange with the Barney Circle traffic circle at its northwestern end, and a partial interchange with Anacostia Freeway at its southeastern terminus. A major battle over building an Inner Loop Expressway in the District of Columbia occurred in the 1950s and 1960s. This led to the partial construction of Interstate 695 from Interstate 395 to Barney Circle, but political battles over the wisdom of further construction led to cancellation of the remaining highway—leaving Barney Circle and the northern approaches to the Sousa Bridge partially deconstructed. An attempt to build the remainder of Interstate 695 (the "Barney Circle Freeway") in the 1990s also failed. In 2010, the District of Columbia decommissioned the portion of Interstate 695 leading to Barney Circle and the Sousa Bridge, and began rebuilding the circle and approaches.