John Francis Hamtramck Claiborne (April 24, 1809 – May 17, 1884) was a Member of the U. S. House of Representatives from Mississippi.
Claiborne was named after Jean François Hamtramck and was a nephew of William Charles Cole Claiborne and Nathaniel Herbert Claiborne, grandnephew of Thomas Claiborne (1749–1812), great-grandfather of Herbert Claiborne Pell, Jr., great-great-grandfather of Claiborne de Borda Pell, and great-great grand-uncle of Corinne Claiborne Boggs.
He was born in Natchez, Mississippi and attended school in Virginia, where he studied law.
He was admitted to the bar in 1825 and commenced practice at Natchez, Mississippi. He was member of the State house of representatives from 1830 to 1834, moved to Madison County, Mississippi, and was elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-fourth Congress, where he was a representative from March 4, 1835 to March 3, 1837
Claiborne presented credentials as a Member-elect to the Twenty-fifth Congress and served from July 18, 1837, until February 5, 1838, when the seat was declared vacant as the result of a contested election. He then engaged in newspaper work in Natchez, Mississippi, and later moved to New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1844 and resumed newspaper interests.