John Dalrymple, 1st Earl of Stair

John Dalrymple (1648, Master of Stair – 8 January 1707) was a Scottish noble and Whig politician who played a crucial role in the 1707 Treaty of Union between the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England, that created the Kingdom of Great Britain.

The son of James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount of Stair, John Dalrymple was born at Stair House in the parish of Stair, in Kyle, Ayrshire. He served under King James VII, but as a dominant force in the Scots Parliament he helped bring about the accession of William II (of Scotland) to the throne in 1688/9. In 1689 the king rewarded him with the position of Lord Advocate and in 1691 he was appointed Joint Secretary of State over Scotland with James Johnston.

Dalrymple is most remembered for his part in the 1692 Massacre of Glencoe. In 1695, the Scottish parliament demanded an enquiry into the massacre, and when the report from the enquiry was complete, they voted that "the killing of the Glencoe men was murder". Responsibility for the crime lay with the King's Scottish ministers, and many criticised William's shielding the Master of Stair, including Lord Macaulay, who termed it a "great breach of duty". The only punishment he endured was a dismissal from the Secretaryship of State. He returned to government in 1700 as a member of the Privy Council of Scotland. After succeeding his father as 2nd Viscount of Stair in 1695, he was created 1st Earl of Stair in 1703 by Queen Anne.

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