John C. Slater
| John C. Slater | |
|---|---|
| Born |
December 22, 1900 Oak Park, Illinois |
| Died | July 25, 1976 (aged 75) Sanibel Island, Florida |
| Nationality | American |
| Fields | Physics |
| Institutions |
University of Cambridge University of Copenhagen Harvard University MIT Bell Laboratories Brookhaven National Laboratory University of Florida |
| Alma mater |
University of Rochester (B.S.) (1920) Harvard University (Ph.D) (1923) |
| Thesis | The Compressibility of the Alkali-Halides (1923) |
| Doctoral advisor | Percy Williams Bridgman |
| Doctoral students |
William Shockley Nathan Rosen Fernando J. Corbató Donald Merrifield |
| Known for |
Slater-type orbitals Slater determinants Augmented plane wave theory Electron configuration |
| Notable awards |
Irving Langmuir Award (1967) National Medal of Science (1970) |
John Clarke Slater (December 22, 1900 – July 25, 1976) was a noted American physicist who made major contributions to the theory of the electronic structure of atoms, molecules and solids. This work is of ongoing importance in chemistry, as well as in many areas of physics. He also made major contributions to microwave electronics. He received a B.S. in Physics from the University of Rochester in 1920 and a Ph.D. in Physics from Harvard in 1923, then did post-doctoral work at the universities of Cambridge (briefly) and Copenhagen. On his return to the U.S. he joined the Physics Department at Harvard.
In 1930, Karl Compton, the President of MIT, appointed Slater as Chairman of the MIT Department of Physics. He recast the undergraduate physics curriculum, wrote 14 books between 1933 and 1968, and built a department of major international prestige. During World War II, his work on microwave transmission, done partly at the Bell Laboratories and in association with the MIT Radiation Laboratory, was of major importance in the development of radar.
In 1950, Slater founded the Solid State and Molecular Theory Group (SSMTG) within the Physics Department. The following year, he resigned the chairmanship of the department and spent a year at the Brookhaven National Laboratory of the Atomic Energy Commission. He was appointed Institute Professor of Physics and continued to direct work in the SSMTG until he retired from MIT in 1965, at the mandatory retirement age of 65.
He then joined the Quantum Theory Project of the University of Florida as Research Professor, where the retirement age allowed him to work for another five years. The SSMTG has been regarded as the precursor of the MIT Center for Materials Science and Engineering (CMSE). His scientific autobiography and three interviews present his views on research, education and the role of science in society.
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