Johann Theodor Roemhildt (1684–1756) was a German Baroque composer.
Roemhildt was born in Salzungen. He studied in Ruhla as a child with Johann Jacob Bach, then from the age of thirteen at St. Thomas' School, Leipzig under Johann Schelle and Johann Kuhnau. Fellow pupils included Christoph Graupner, Johann Friedrich Fasch and Johann David Heinichen.
Roemhildt was court kapellmeister to Heinrich Duke of Saxony (1661–1738) at Merseburg, where he later died.
236 cantatas survive, 50 of which are solo cantatas, along with a St. Matthew Passion.