Johann Gustav Fischer (1 March 1819, Hamburg – 27 January 1889) was a German herpetologist.
He served as an instructor at the Johanneum in Hamburg, and was associated with the city's Naturhistorisches Museum, working extensively with its herpetological and ichthyological collections. He was the binomial author of numerous herpetological species, and has several species named in his honor:
In the field of ichthyology, he described the genera Sclerocottus (Cottidae) and Gymnelichthys (Zoarcidae).
Many of his scientific papers were published in the "Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten", the "Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein" and the "Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins von Hamburg-Altona". The following are some of Fischer's principal written efforts: