Jeremiah Dixon
| Jeremiah Dixon | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Born |
27 July 1733 Cockfield, County Durham, England |
| Died | 22 January 1779 (aged 45) Cockfield, County Durham, England |
| Nationality | Kingdom of Great Britain |
| Fields | Astronomy, Surveying |
| Institutions | Fellow of the Royal Society, 1758 Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, |
| Known for | Mason–Dixon line |
Jeremiah Dixon FRS (27 July 1733 – 22 January 1779) was an English surveyor and astronomer who is best known for his work with Charles Mason, from 1763 to 1767, in determining what was later called the Mason–Dixon line.
Dixon was born in Cockfield, near Bishop Auckland, County Durham, in 1733, the fifth of seven children, to Sir George Fenwick Dixon 5th Bt. and Lady Mary Hunter. His father was a wealthy Quaker coal mine owner of the Northumberland Landed Gentry. His great grandfather was Robertus Dixon. His mother came from Newcastle, and was said to have been "the cleverest woman" to ever marry into the Dixon family. Dixon became interested in astronomy and mathematics during his education at Barnard Castle. Early in life he made acquaintances with the eminent intellectuals of Southern Durham: mathematician William Emerson, and astronomers John Bird and Thomas Wright. In all probability it was John Bird, who was an active Fellow of the Royal Society, who recommended Dixon as a suitable companion to accompany Mason.
Jeremiah Dixon served as assistant to Charles Mason in 1761 when the Royal Society selected Mason to observe the transit of Venus from Sumatra. However, their passage to Sumatra was delayed, and they landed instead at the Cape of Good Hope where the transit was observed on 6 June 1761. Dixon returned to the Cape once again with Nevil Maskelyne's clock to work on experiments with gravity.
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