Jenny Lind locomotive

Jenny Lind

Type and origin Power type Steam Designer David Joy Builder E. B. Wilson and Company Build date 1847

Specifications Configuration 2-2-2 UIC class 1A1 n2 Gauge 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge Leading dia. 4 ft 0 in (1.219 m) Driver dia. 6 ft 0 in (1.829 m) Trailing dia. 4 ft 0 in (1.219 m) Boiler pressure 120 lbf/in2 (827 kPa) Heating surface 800 sq ft (74 m2) Cylinder size 15 in × 20 in (381 mm × 508 mm)

Performance figures Tractive effort 6,375 lbf (28.36 kN)

Career Operators London Brighton and South Coast Railway

Type and origin
Power type	Steam
Designer	David Joy
Builder	E. B. Wilson and Company
Build date	1847

Specifications
Configuration	2-2-2
UIC class	1A1 n2
Gauge	4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Leading dia.	4 ft 0 in (1.219 m)
Driver dia.	6 ft 0 in (1.829 m)
Trailing dia.	4 ft 0 in (1.219 m)
Boiler pressure	120 lbf/in2 (827 kPa)
Heating surface	800 sq ft (74 m2)
Cylinder size	15 in × 20 in (381 mm × 508 mm)

Performance figures
Tractive effort	6,375 lbf (28.36 kN)

Career
Operators	London Brighton and South Coast Railway

The Jenny Lind locomotive was the first of a class of ten steam locomotives built in 1847 for the London Brighton and South Coast Railway by E. B. Wilson and Company of Leeds, named after Jenny Lind, who was a famous opera singer of the period. The general design proved to be very successful that the manufacturers adopted it for use on other railways, and it became the first mass-produced locomotive type. The 'Jenny Lind' type was also widely copied during the late 1840s and 1850s, and into the 1860s.

David Joy, the Chief Draughtsman of E. B. Wilson and Company, was asked to visit Brighton railway works to make tracings of the drawings of a 2-2-2 locomotive designed by John Gray for the railway so that ten further examples could be built. However, before he had completed the task, Gray had been dismissed from his post of Locomotive Superintendent, and his successor Thomas Kirtley did not favour Gray's complicated horse-leg motion. As a result it was left to Joy and James Fenton the works manager at E.B. Wilson to adapt the design. Joy had spent his formative years studying all the locomotives he came across, sketching them, making notes, and interrogating their owners and crews - and, if he could, getting rides on them.

As is usual in engineering, there were a number of trade-offs to be made in steam locomotive design. There is a limit to the rate that steam can be delivered to the pistons, therefore higher speed was obtained with larger driving wheels. These however, limited the size of the boiler, since it needed to fit between them, particularly with the preoccupation of the time with a lower centre of gravity. The tendency had been to lengthen the boilers with supporting wheels front and rear. Thus, passenger engines like the so-called Long Boiler locomotives were usually of a 4-2-0 wheel arrangement. However too long a boiler also created instability. Some locomotives improved adhesion for heavier loads by coupling pairs of driving wheels, however there was a tendency for the wrought iron coupling rods to break especially at speed. Thus four and six-coupled locomotives were used for freight trains.

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