Jardin de Tivoli, Paris

The Tivoli gardens of Paris were amusement parks located near the current site of the Saint-Lazare station, named after the gardens of the Villa d'Este in Tivoli near Rome. There were several such gardens in succession between 1795-1842, none of which are remaining today.

In 1766, Simon Gabriel Boutin (1720-1794), a son of the wealthy farmer-general Boutin, had several houses built in a park of eight hectares, resplendent with rare plants, English, Italian, and Dutch gardens, a bowling green, and follies including false ruins, rocky promontories, and a waterfall. He named the ensemble Tivoli in honor of the gardens of the Villa d'Este in Rome, and the Folie Boutin, as it was often called, quickly became known for its splendid gardens. Its main entrance was located rue de Clichy, with a secondary entrance on rue Saint-Lazare. Two principal buildings were at n°102, la rue Saint-Lazare, and at n°27, la rue de Clichy. A pavilion, attributed to architect François Dominique Barreau de Chefdeville (1725-1765), housed a mineralogical collection. There on Thursdays Boutin received his friends, including painter Hubert Robert and architect Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart.

Boutin was guillotined on July 17, 1794, during the Reign of Terror, and the park put under sequestration. In 1795, the Folie Boutin opened to the public, formally taking the name of Tivoli and becoming the ancestor of amusement parks. During its time as a public garden, it was a favorite entertainment spot for Parisian high society, with amusements including panoramas, marionnettes, and magic lantern shows. From 1796-1797 a counter-revolutionary society, called Clichy, occupied the site, but Boutin's heirs recovered Tivoli by a lawsuit in 1797. In 1799, a bath opened on the site (Les eaux thermales et minérales de Tivoli). Following the damage caused by the bivouacking of Napoleon's troops before their departure for Spain, the garden was closed on August 30, 1810.

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