James De Carle Sowerby (1787–1871) was a British mineralogist and illustrator. He received an education in chemistry.
He continued his father's (James Sowerby) work and published, together with his brother George Brettingham Sowerby I, the latter volumes of the Mineral Conchology of Great Britain, begun by their father.
Together with a cousin, he founded the Royal Botanic Society and Gardens, and was its secretary for 30 years.
His son William Sowerby was also a botanist and illustrator, and succeeded him as Secretary of the Royal Botanic Society in 1869.