James S. Forrester (cardiologist)
| James S. Forrester M.D. | |
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James S. Forrester M.D.
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| Born | Philadelphia, PA |
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James S. Forrester III (born July 13, 1937) is an American cardiologist. Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he received his medical training at the University of Pennsylvania, UCLA, and Harvard University. During the 1970s through 1990s, his research led to three major advancements in the practice of cardiology. Later in his career, he would return to UCLA, this time as a professor, while simultaneously being the Chief of the Division of Cardiology at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. Forrester has published hundreds of papers and manuscripts dealing with the subject of cardiology, and is the recipient of numerous awards, including being the second person to ever receive the Lifetime Achievement Award of the American College of Cardiology in 2009.
His secondary school education was in the small central Pennsylvania town of Camp Hill, where his father was a doctor. He received his bachelor's degree from Swarthmore College in 1959, and his medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1963. Following internship at the hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, and internal medical residency at UCLA-Harbor Medical Center, he completed his cardiology fellowship at Harvard’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital. In the late 1960’s he was appointed Director of Cardiovascular Research at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles.
Forrester directed a multimillion dollar National Institute of Health research program called a Specialized Center of Research in Ischemic Heart Disease at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. During this 20 year period Cedars-Sinai cardiology was ranked first in the western United States by U.S. News and World Report, a position which it continues to hold through the present day. Forrester’s research led to three advances that altered the practice of cardiology. In the 1970’s, he directed the development of hemodynamic monitoring at the bedside, using a balloon-tipped catheter he maneuvered through the heart. He used these measurements to create a method of care for patients with acute myocardial infarction that became known as the Forrester hemodynamic subsets. Hemodynamic monitoring allowed doctors to repeatedly measure the effect of drugs on the function of the heart at the bedside, and revolutionized the care of critically ill patients. The second advance came in the early 1980s, when Forrester and George Diamond created the field of probability analysis for coronary heart disease, which became known as the Diamond-Forrester method for interpreting diagnostic tests. Their approach integrated a patient’s pre-test likelihood of having disease with the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic test to calculate a patient’s post-test likelihood of disease. The method is now used worldwide in cardiology. The third major advance to which Forrester contributed came in the early 1990s: Forrester led a team that developed coronary angioscopy, a method for seeing inside a living patient’s coronary arteries using a thin flexible fiberoptic catheter. His team discovered the presence of small, partially occlusive blood clots in patients with unstable angina (now called acute coronary syndrome), leading to the modern implementation of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy in this condition.
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