Sir James Henderson (28 April 1846 – 1 May 1914) was an Irish Unionist politician, who served as Lord Mayor of Belfast. He served in this role between 1898 and 1899. He was also the first High Sheriff of Belfast.
Born in Belfast on 28 April 1846, he read law at Trinity College, Dublin and was called to the Irish bar in 1872. He was knighted in the 1899 New Year Honours. He was married to Martha Pollock, and they had five sons. He died on 1 May 1914.