James Graham Phelps Stokes

James Graham Phelps Stokes (March 18, 1872 – April 8, 1960), known to his friends as "Graham," was an American millionaire socialist writer, political activist, and philanthropist. He is best remembered as a founding member and key figure in the Intercollegiate Socialist Society and as the husband of Rose Pastor Stokes, a radical union organizer and activist in the Communist Party of America. Graham Phelps Stokes split with the Socialist Party of America over the question of American participation in World War I, objecting to the party's staunchly antimilitarist stance. He separated from his wife and left radical politics during this period.

James Graham Phelps Stokes was born in New York City on March 18, 1872 to one of the city's most prosperous families. He was one of 9 children. His great-grandfather, Thomas Stokes, came to New York City from London at the end of the 18th Century and became a merchant, founding the establishment Phelps, Dodge & Co., the source of the family's wealth. His father, Anson Phelps Stokes (1838–1913), a banker and real estate developer, was patriarch of a large house on Madison Avenue in Manhattan. His mother, Helen Louisa Phelps, was the descendant of a man who emigrated to Dorchester, Massachusetts from England in about 1630.

Two boys of the Stokes household were given four names, the first of which was decoration. Graham's brother, the architect Isaac Newton Phelps Stokes (1867–1944), was known merely as "Newton," and throughout his life James Graham Phelps Stokes, named after his paternal grandfather, was known to all as "Graham." Another brother, Anson (1874–1958), later a famous philanthropist, was named after his father and did not receive an "extra" name like his siblings.

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