James Caulfeild, 3rd Earl of Charlemont

James Molyneux Caulfeild, 3rd Earl of Charlemont KP (6 October 1820 – 12 January 1892) was an Irish politician and peer.

He was the son of Hon. Henry Caulfeild and Elizabeth Margaret Browne. Charlemont was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. He was appointed High Sheriff of Armagh for 1842 and held the office of Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) for County Armagh between 1847 and 1857. He was Lord Lieutenant of County Armagh between 1849 and 1864.

He succeeded to the title of 3rd Earl of Charlemont, amongst the other peerages, on 26 December 1863. He was Lord Lieutenant of County Tyrone between 1864 and 1892 and was made a Knight of St Patrick on 28 December 1865.

Lord Charlemont married on two occasions;

He died in Biarritz, France and was buried in St Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh.