James Carroll (New Zealand politician)

The Honourable Sir James Carroll KCMG
James Carroll, c. 1914
Member of the New Zealand Parliament for Eastern Maori
In office 1887–1893
Preceded by	Wi Pere
Succeeded by	Wi Pere
Member of the New Zealand Parliament for Waiapu
In office 1893–1908
Preceded by	New Electorate
Succeeded by	Electorate abolished
Member of the New Zealand Parliament for Gisborne
In office 1908–1919
Preceded by	New Electorate
Succeeded by	Douglas Lysnar
Member of the New Zealand Legislative Council
In office 2 September 1921 – 18 February 1926
Personal details
Born	20 August 1857 Wairoa, Hawke's Bay, New Zealand
Died	18 October 1926(1926-10-18) (aged 69) Auckland, Auckland Region, New Zealand
Political party	Independent Liberal
Spouse(s)	Heni Materoa Carroll
Military service
Allegiance	Ngāti Kahungunu
Battles/wars	Te Kooti's War

Sir James Carroll KCMG (20 August 1857 – 18 October 1926), known to Māori as Timi Kara, was a New Zealand politician of Irish and Ngāti Kahungunu (Māori) descent. Beginning his career as an interpreter and land agent, Carroll was elected to the Eastern Maori seat in 1887. He was acting Colonial Secretary (equivalent to the Minister of Internal Affairs) from 1897 to 1899. He was the first Māori to hold the cabinet position of Minister of Native Affairs, which he held between 1899 and 1912. He was held in high regard within the Liberal Party and was acting prime minister in 1909 and 1911.

James Carroll was born at Wairoa, one of eight children of Joseph Carroll, born in Sydney of Irish descent, and Tapuke, a Māori woman of the Ngāti Kahungunu tribe. He was educated both at whare wananga (traditional Māori college) and the Wairoa native school but left early to be a farm worker. In 1870, while no more than thirteen, he was part of the Māori force pursuing Te Kooti in the Urewera, and his bravery was mentioned in dispatches. He became a cadet for the Native Department in Hawke's Bay and later in Wellington but was back on a farm by 1875. In 1881 he married Heni Materoa and they settled in Gisborne. The couple adopted several children but had none of their own.

Carroll first stood for Parliament in 1884, unsuccessfully contesting the Eastern Maori electorate against Wi Pere. By the 1887 election, John Ballance's paternalistic Native Land Administration Act of 1886, which proposed leasing Māori lands through a government commissioner, was a major issue. Carroll, an opponent of the act, won the electorate. He was confirmed in the next election in 1890. In the 1893 election, he stood in the Waiapu electorate. From 1908, he represented the Gisborne electorate, until he was defeated in 1919.