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Jaffna Kingdom

Kingdom of Aryacakravarti
ஆரியச்சக்கரவர்த்தி அரசு
1215–1624
Jaffna kingdom at its greatest extent c. 1350.
Capital Nallur
Languages Tamil
Religion Hinduism
Government Monarchy
Aryacakravarti
 •  1215–1255 Cinkaiariyan Cekaracacekaran I a.k.a. Kalinga Magha
 •  1617–1619 Cankili II
Historical era Medieval era
 •  Kalinga Magha Invasion of Lanka causing Fall of Polonnaruwa Kingdom. 1215
 •  Independence from Pandya Empire 1323
 •  Chempaha Perumal invasion 1450
 •  Aryacakravarti dynasty restored 1467
 •  Portuguese invasion 1505
 •  Portuguese conquest of the Jaffna kingdom 1624
Currency Setu coins
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Polonnaruwa Kingdom
Portuguese Ceylon

The Jaffna kingdom (Tamil: யாழ்ப்பாண அரசு) (1215-1624 CE), also known as Kingdom of Aryacakravarti, of modern northern Sri Lanka was a historic monarchy that came into existence around the town of Jaffna on the Jaffna peninsula after the invasion of Magha, who is identified as the founder of the Jaffna kingdom and is said to have been from Kalinga, in India. Established as a powerful force in the north, north east and west of the island, it eventually became a tribute paying feudatory of the Pandyan Empire in modern South India in 1258, gaining independence in 1323 with the fragmentation of the Pandyan control when the last Pandyan ruler of Madurai was defeated and expelled in 1323 by Malik Kafur, the army general of the Muslim empire Delhi Sultanate. For a brief period, in the early to mid-14th century, it was an ascendant power in the island of Sri Lanka when all regional kingdoms accepted subordination. However, the kingdom was eventually overpowered by the rival Kotte Kingdom, around 1450 when it was invaded by Prince Sapumal under the Kotte Kingdoms directive.

It was freed of Kotte control in 1467; its subsequent rulers directed their energies towards consolidating its economic potential by maximising revenue from pearls and elephant exports and land revenue. It was less feudal than most of the other regional kingdoms on the island of Sri Lanka of the same period. During this period, important local Tamil literature was produced and Hindu temples were built including an academy for language advancement.


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