Jackson Whipps Showalter

Jackson Whipps Showalter (February 5, 1859, Minerva, Kentucky – February 5, 1935, Lexington, Kentucky) was a five-time U.S. Chess Champion: 1890, 1892, 1892–1894, 1895-1896 and 1906–1909.

Showalter won U.S. Championship matches against Max Judd (1891/92, +7-4=3), Albert Hodges (1894, +7-6=4), S. Lipschütz (1895, +7-4=3), Emil Kemény (1896, +7-4=4), and John Finan Barry (1896, +7-2=4). He lost championship matches to Max Judd (1890, +3-7=0), S. Lipschütz (1892, +1-7=7), Albert Hodges (1894, +3-5=1), Harry Nelson Pillsbury (twice, 1897 (+7-11=3) and 1898 (+3-7=2), and Frank Marshall (1909, +2-7=3).

Other match results: William H.K. Pollock (1891, +3-2=3), Emanuel Lasker (1892/93, +2-6=2), Jacob Halpern (1893, +5-3=1), Adolf Albin (1894, +10-7=8), Dawid Janowski (four times: 1898, +2-7=4; 1899, +4-2=0 and +4-2=1; 1916, +2-7=2), Borislav Kostic (1915, +2-7=5), and Norman T. Whitaker (twice: 1916, +6-1=0 and 1918, +1-4=3).

Tournament record: Cincinnati 1888, +8-0=2, first place; New York 1889, +15-17=8, ninth (Chigorin and Weiss won; the first draw in the second round did not count and had to be replayed); St. Louis 1890, +11-0=1, first; Chicago 1890, +13-1=0, first; Lexington 1891, +5-1=0, first; New York 1893 (Impromptu), +7-4=2, third (Em. Lasker won); New York 1893 (N.Y.C.C.), +5-3=1, third (Pillsbury won); New York (NYSCA) 1894, +3-0=1, second (Hodges won); Buffalo 1894, +3-1=2, first; New York 1894 (2nd City Chess Club Tournament), +5-3=2, third (Steinitz won); New York (NYSCA) 1895, +3-0=1 (second, D. G. Baird won); Brooklyn CC championship 1895/96, +3-1=0, withdrew after four rounds (Hermann Helms won); Nurenberg 1896, +3-10=5, sixteenth (Em. Lasker won); New York (NYSCA) 1898, +1-1=1, seventh (Koehler won); Vienna 1898, +12-16=6, fourteenth (Tarrasch won); Cologne 1898, +8-5=2, sixth (Burn won); London 1899, +7-10=9, eighth (Em. Lasker won); Paris 1900, +8-6=5, tenth (Em. Lasker won; the first draw did not count and had to be replayed); Munich 1900, +7-7=1, seventh (Pillsbury and Schlechter won); New York 1900, +6-2=2, second (Lipschütz won); Cambridge Springs 1904, +4-2=9, fifth (Marshall won); Excelsior 1915, +9-1=0, first; Tampa 1916, +3-4=2, second (W. Moorman won); Chicago 1916, +14-1=2, second (Ed. Lasker won); Lexington 1917, +4-3=1, second (Ed. Lasker won); Chicago 1918 +4-6=1, ninth (Kostic won); Cincinnati 1919, +6-3=1, fourth (Ed. Lasker won); Louisville 1922, +7-2=2, fourth (Factor won); Chicago 1926, +2-8=2, twelfth (Marshall won).

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