J. B. S. Hardman

J. B. S. Hardman, born Jacob Benjamin Salutsky, (1882-1968) was a Russian-born Jewish-American political activist, radical journalist, and trade union functionary. Salutsky-Hardman was a proponent of radicalism as a Marxist thinker and a leader of the Jewish Socialist Federation of the Socialist Party of America. A brief stint in the American Communist movement ended in expulsion in 1923. For more than two decades thereafter, Hardman served as Education Directior of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America (ACWA).

Jacob Benjamin Salutsky was born August 1, 1882 in Vilna, Lithuania, which was then part of the Russian empire. His father was a lumber merchant.

Salutsky was politicized at a young age, embracing Marxism and joining the General Jewish Labor Bund in 1902. Salutsky dedicated himself to the anti-Tsarist revolutionary work of the Bund and to labor organization over the subsequent several years, first heading a union of bank employees in Vilna before becoming the secretary of the central association of trade unions of Kiev.

Salutsky was a participant in the 1905 Russian Revolution as a party organizer in Vilna in 1906 and in Kiev in 1907. His activity drew the attention of the Tsarist secret police leading to three stints in prison for his political activity. After the failure of the 1905 Revolution, Salutsky went into exile, spending 1908 in Paris before leaving for America the following year.

Salutsky arrived in the United States in 1909, became an active member of the Socialist Party and the trade union movement, and was elected in the summer of 1912 as the secretary of the Jewish Socialist Federation (JSF), the Yiddish-language affiliate of the Socialist Party. For a time, he served as Translator-Secretary of the JFS and editor of the Federation's weekly, Di Naye Welt (The New World), from 1914 to 1920.

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