Iu Mien language
| Iu Mien | |
|---|---|
| Iu Mienh | |
| Pronunciation | [ju˧ mjɛn˧˩] |
| Native to | China, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, United States, and France. |
|
Native speakers
|
840,000 (1995–1999) |
|
Hmong–Mien
|
|
| Official status | |
|
Official language in
|
China (in Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County) |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either: ium – Iu Mien bmt – Biao Mon |
| Glottolog |
iumi1238 (Iu Mien)biao1256 (Biao Mon)
|
The Iu Mien language (Chinese: 勉語 or 勉方言; Thai: ) is one of the main languages spoken by the Yao people in China, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand and, more recently, the United States in diaspora. Like other Hmong-Mien languages, it is tonal and monosyllabic.
Linguists in China consider the dialect spoken in Changdong, Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County, Guangxi to be the standard. However, most Iu Mien people in the West are refugees from Laos, so they primarily speak dialects common in Laos.
Iu Mien has 78% lexical similarity with Kim Mun (Lanten), 70% with Biao-Jiao Mien, and 61% with Dzao Min.
In China, Iu Mien is spoken in the following counties (Mao 2004:302-303). There are 130,000 speakers in the Hunan province (known as the Xiangnan 湘南 dialect), and 400,000 speakers in the Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou, and Jiangxi provinces (known as the Guangdian 广滇 dialect).
There are several known dialects of Iu Mien. Dialects vary by clan and geographic location. Dialects include, but are not limited to, Cham, Deo Tien, Man Do, Quan Chet, and Quan Trang.
There are 31 cited consonant phonemes in Iu Mien. A distinguishing feature of Iu Mien consonants is the presence of voiceless nasals and laterals.
It appears that all single consonant phonemes except /ʔ/ can occur as the onset.
Unlike Hmong, which generally prohibits coda consonants, Iu Mien has seven single consonant phonemes that can take the coda position. These consonants are /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, [p̚], [t̚], [k̚], and /ʔ/. Some of the stops can only occur as final consonants when accompanied by certain tones; for example, /ʔ/ only occurs with the tone ⟨c⟩ or ⟨v⟩.
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Wikipedia