Isaiah di Trani

Isaiah di Trani ben Mali (the Elder) (c. 1180 – c. 1250) (Hebrew: ישעיה בן מאלי הזקן דטראני‎), better known as the RID, was a prominent Italian Talmudist.

Isaiah originated in Trani (David Conforte, Ḳore ha-Dorot, p. 15a), an ancient settlement of Jewish scholarship, and lived probably in Venice. He carried on a correspondence with Simhah of Speyer and with Simḥah's two pupils, Isaac ben Moses of Vienna (Or Zarua, i.88, 218, 220) and Abigdor Cohen of the same city. Isaiah himself probably lived for some time in the Orient. He left a learned son, David, and a daughter, with whose son, Isaiah ben Elijah di Trani, he has often been confounded.

Isaiah was a very prolific writer. He wrote: Nimmuḳim or Nimmuḳe Ḥomesh, a commentary on the Pentateuch, consisting mainly of glosses on Rashi which show him to have been, as Güdemann says, an acute critic rather than a dispassionate exegete. The work has been printed as an appendix to Azulai's Pene Dawid (Leghorn, 1792); extracts from it have been published in Stern's edition of the Pentateuch (Vienna, 1851) under the title Peṭure Ẓiẓẓim (see also Berliner, Rashi, p. xii); and Zedekiah ben Abraham, author of Shibbole ha-Leḳeṭ and a pupil of Isaiah, composed glosses on it in 1297 (Leipzig MS. No. 15, p. 318). As regards other Bible commentaries ascribed to him, see Isaiah di Trani the Younger. Isaiah also wrote an introduction (petiḥah) to a seliḥah beginning with [missing Hebrew text] (Maḥzor Rome, ed. Luzzatto, p. 32, Introduction), which has been metrically translated into German by Zunz ("S.P." p. 299; see idem, Literaturgesch. p. 336).

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