Sir Archibald Acheson of Glencairn, 1st Baronet, (1583 – 9 September 1634) was a Scottish jurist.
Acheson was the son of Captain Patrick Acheson and Martha Drummond.
On March 31, 1620, "Archibald Acheson, a Scotchman", was knighted at Theobalds by King James 1st, and in 1621 he was appointed Master in Chancery of Ireland. Sometime before October 25, 1626 he was appointed a Lord of Session of Scotland as 'Lord Glencairn'. On October 21, 1627 he was appointed by King Charles 1st, Royal Secretary of State of Scotland. On January 1, 1628, he was made a Baronet of Nova Scotia.
In 1610 numerous land grants were made in the county of Armagh, precinct of Fewes. One is of 2000 acres to Sir James Douglas, Knt., of Spott, Haddingtonshire, subsequently sold the next year to Henry Acheson, who afterwards sold it to Sir Archibald Acheson. A further 1000 acres originally granted to Henry was also sold on to Sir Archibald Acheson in 1628. Acheson does not ever appear to have resided in Ireland, however, and his position in the Court of Chancery there appears titular; his judicial duties were all in Scotland. He nevertheless became a "denizen" of Ireland on February 12, 1618, presumably in order to qualify for the lands he was receiving from his brother, Henry Acheson of Dromlech, co.Armagh. Certainly Sir Archibald's second son, George, resided in Ireland.
Acheson wed Agnes Vernor at some point before 1610, fathering an eldest son, Patrick Acheson, 2nd Baronet (c.1611-1638). Sir John Scot (1754) states that this son died after his first year of marriage, to an English heiress, without issue.
After his first wife died, Sir Archibald remarried in 1622, Margaret, daughter of Sir John Hamilton and Johanna Everard, by whom he had a son, George (1629-1685).
By his first wife he had a daughter, Jean, who married Sir Lewis Lauder of Over Gogar & Alderston, Knt., (c1599-c1640), Sheriff-Principal of Edinburgh and son of Sir Alexander Lauder of Haltoun, Knt. They had at least three known children. Jean was still living on April 3, 1663 as "relict of Sir Lewes Lauder of Over Gogar".