Ipratropium

Ipratropium bromide

Clinical data
Trade names	Atrovent, Apovent, Ipraxa, Rinatec, other
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
Pregnancy category	US: B (No risk in non-human studies)
Routes of administration	Inhalation
ATC code	R01AX03 (WHO) R03BB01 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	UK: POM (Prescription only) US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	0 to 9% in vitro
Metabolism	Hepatic
Biological half-life	2 hours
Identifiers
IUPAC name [8-methyl-8-(1-methylethyl)- 8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1] oct-3-yl] 3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-propanoate
CAS Number	22254-24-6 60205-81-4 (cation)
PubChem (CID)	657308
IUPHAR/BPS	325
DrugBank	DB00332
ChemSpider	10481997
UNII	GR88G0I6UL Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1464005 N
ECHA InfoCard	100.040.779
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C20H30BrNO3
Molar mass	412.37 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES CC(C)[N+]1([C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C[C@H](C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C3=CC=CC=C3)C.[Br-]
InChI InChI=1S/C20H30NO3.BrH/c1-14(2)21(3)16-9-10-17(21)12-18(11-16)24-20(23)19(13-22)15-7-5-4-6-8-15;/h4-8,14,16-19,22H,9-13H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1/t16-,17+,18+,19?,21?; Key:LHLMOSXCXGLMMN-WDTICOSOSA-M
NY (what is this?)

Ipratropium bromide, sold under the trade name Atrovent among others, is a medication which opens up the medium and large airways in the lungs. It is used to treat the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. It is used by inhaler or nebulizer. Onset of action is typically within 15 to 30 minutes and lasts for three to five hours.

Common side effects include dry mouth, cough, and inflammation of the airways. Potentially serious side effects include urinary retention, worsening spasms of the airways, and a severe allergic reaction. It appears to be safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Ipratropium is an anticholinergic and muscarinic antagonist which works by causing smooth muscles to relax.

Ipratropium bromide was developed in Germany in 1976. It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1986. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. Ipratropium is available as a generic medication. The wholesale price in the developing world is about 6.60 USD for a 200 dose inhaler. In the United States, a month worth of medication costs 100 to 200 USD.

Ipratropium is administered by inhalation for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). For that purpose, it is supplied in a canister for use in an inhaler or in single dose vials for use in a nebulizer.

It is also used to treat and prevent minor and moderate bronchial asthma, especially asthma that is accompanied by cardiovascular system diseases.