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Ipratropium

Ipratropium bromide
Ipratropium bromide.svg
Clinical data
Trade names Atrovent, Apovent, Ipraxa, Rinatec, other
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
Pregnancy
category
  • US: B (No risk in non-human studies)
Routes of
administration
Inhalation
ATC code R01AX03 (WHO) R03BB01 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding 0 to 9% in vitro
Metabolism Hepatic
Biological half-life 2 hours
Identifiers
CAS Number 22254-24-6
60205-81-4 (cation)
PubChem (CID) 657308
IUPHAR/BPS 325
DrugBank DB00332
ChemSpider 10481997
UNII GR88G0I6UL YesY
ChEMBL CHEMBL1464005 N
ECHA InfoCard 100.040.779
Chemical and physical data
Formula C20H30BrNO3
Molar mass 412.37 g/mol
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
 NYesY (what is this?)  

Ipratropium bromide, sold under the trade name Atrovent among others, is a medication which opens up the medium and large airways in the lungs. It is used to treat the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. It is used by inhaler or nebulizer. Onset of action is typically within 15 to 30 minutes and lasts for three to five hours.

Common side effects include dry mouth, cough, and inflammation of the airways. Potentially serious side effects include urinary retention, worsening spasms of the airways, and a severe allergic reaction. It appears to be safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Ipratropium is an anticholinergic and muscarinic antagonist which works by causing smooth muscles to relax.

Ipratropium bromide was developed in Germany in 1976. It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1986. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. Ipratropium is available as a generic medication. The wholesale price in the developing world is about 6.60 USD for a 200 dose inhaler. In the United States, a month worth of medication costs 100 to 200 USD.

Ipratropium is administered by inhalation for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). For that purpose, it is supplied in a canister for use in an inhaler or in single dose vials for use in a nebulizer.

It is also used to treat and prevent minor and moderate bronchial asthma, especially asthma that is accompanied by cardiovascular system diseases.


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