Ionic strength

The concept of ionic strength was first introduced by Lewis and Randall in 1921 while describing the activity coefficients of strong electrolytes. The ionic strength of a solution is a measure of the concentration of ions in that solution. Ionic compounds, when dissolved in water, dissociate into ions. The total electrolyte concentration in solution will affect important properties such as the dissociation constant or the solubility of different salts. One of the main characteristics of a solution with dissolved ions is the ionic strength. Ionic strength can be molar (mol/L) or molal (mol/kg water) and to avoid confusion the units should be stated explicitly.

The molar ionic strength, I, of a solution is a function of the concentration of all ions present in that solution.

${\displaystyle I={\begin{matrix}{\frac {1}{2}}\end{matrix}}\sum _{{\rm {i}}=1}^{n}c_{\rm {i}}z_{\rm {i}}^{2}}$

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